portuguese

Hello = Bomdia
good afternoon= bona tarde
good night =boa noite
thank you = (muito)obrigado,obrigada
you are welcome = De nada
please = Por favor
good bye =adeus,tchau
do you speak english?=voce fala ingles?
lets go =vamos
sorry = Desculpe!

basic words in italian

Salve =hello
ciavo = hi/hello
buongiorno =good morning
buon pomeriggio = good afternoon
buona sera =good evening
come stai/ come state = how are you?
bene grazie = i am fine,thanks
mi scusi/scusa = excuse me
per favore = please
prego =welcome
bouna giornata = have a good day
bye = arriverderci
may i ? = permesso
friend =amico,amica
whats your name = come ti chiami
my name is = Mi chiamo
i dont understand = Non capisco
nice to meet you = piacere
good luck = buona fotruna
vegetable =verdure
fruit = frutta
see u soon =A Presto
nice = carino,bella(o)
good appetite =buon appetito
i dont speak italian= non parlo italiano
u speak english =parla ingleze?
please repeat=poi ripetere
i speak a little italian =parlo pokko italiano
yes =si
no = no
Mrs =signora
miss =signorina
Mr. signore
i am sorry = mi dispiace
not necessary =non necessario
today =oggi
yesterday =ieri
tomorrwo =domani
what =cosa
same here=anch'io
may be =forse
cara =beloved,dear
how many=quanti
how much=quana
please repeate=prego,ripeta
bravo complimenti
where =Dove?
who knows=chi sa?
heat = caldo
cold =freddo
best = il migliore
the bill,please= Il conto,perfavore
brilliant = brilliant
busy =occupato
calm = calm
child =Il bambino
city = la citta
cllimate =il climate
coffee =il caffe
cost =il costo
cuisine =cuisine
death =la morte
dinner =il pranzo
dining room=sala da pranzo
eat =mangiare
easy =facile
difficult =difficile
favouritie = preferito
many thanks = molte grazie
very well = molto bene
bon voyage =buon viaggio
who =chi?
who is ?= chi e?
how much =qanto costo ?
how many =quanti ?
break fast = la colazione
coffee = il caffe
fruit juice =il succo di frutta
thankyou my friend = grazie,amico mio
odio = hate
che cosa=what in
how do you say this in Italian = come si dice questo in italiano ?
fiume =river
parli inglezi =u speak english?
scusi,parli inglezi? =
si/un po
no,non parlo ingleze

basic words in spanish

Hello= Hola
Good morning= Buenos dias
Good afternoon = Buenos tardes
Good night = Buenas noches
Good bye = Adios
how are you?= Como estas?/que tall?
very good = Muy bien/esta bien
please = Por favor
see you later = Hasta luego
see you tomorrow = Hasta manana
thanks a lot = Muchas gracias
welcome = De nada
i am sorry = lo siento
see you = hastala la vista
OK = mas o menos
yes/no=si/no
do you speak English = Hablas ingles?
do you speak spanish=habla usted espagnol?
I don't speak = no hablo
I love you = te amo
Bon appetite =buon provecho
Vamos =to go
where to = Don de va?
i go to brazil =voy a brasil
how is the climate?=como es el clima?/hoy como esta clima?
good = bono/bean
boy = chico
girl = chica
beautiful girl = hermosa chica
man =homre
woman =mujer
come here = ven aca
go there= ve alli
whats happening?=que esta pasando?
very pretty = muy bonito
whats up = Que pasa?
money =dinero
i wanna go home = quiero ir a casa
my friend=me amigo
excuse me=disculpe
sorry=perdon
where=donde
when=cuando
why = por que
who= quien
which = cual
pure gold=oro puro
waiter=camarero/garzon
call the waiter =illamar al camarero
writer =escritor
ship = barco
small ship= barca
caratara=waterfall,cateract
my name is = mi nombre es
your name is = su nombre is
his name is =su nombre is/el se llama
her name is = elle se llama
had your food = tenia tu comida
enjoy your meal =disfrute su comida
sientate por favor = sit down please
chair = silla
table =mesa
coat=capa
bed = cama
room = cuarto
kitchen =cocina
garden = jardin
rent = alquiler
salary=salario
what do you want?=Que Quieren?
Quiero algo para tomar=i want something to drink
cheap=barato
expensive = caro
borraccho=drunken
give = dar
buy =comprar
take = llevar
key = clave
vehicle = vehiculo
motor cycle = motorcyclita
bag = bolso
house=casa
brief case = maletin
river =Rio
small river = Rio pequono
road = camino
beach = playa
lake = lago
lagoon = laguna
sea = mer
ocean =oceano
the bill, please = la cuenta por favor
electricity = electricidad

Hace sol - its sunny
Hace frío -its cold
Hace viento -its windy
Hace calor - its cold

german

Good morning = Guten Morgen
afternoon = Guten Tag
=Guten Abend
Good night =Gute Naht
Good bye = Auf Wifedersehen/Chuzz
How are you/= Wie geht es Ihnen
please = Bitte
you are welcome = Bitte schon
where to? = wo gent du hin
see you soon        =Bis gleich
              I go to  =I gehen auf
I love you          = ich liebe dich
nice to meet you =   schön, Sie kennenzulernen /Schon Dich Kennen zulernen
ein bisschen =
Schön, dich kennenzulernen = nice to meet you

Basic words in Greek

Good morning = Kallimera
good afternoon = kalispera
goodnight =kalinkta
goodbye =kherete
Hello = Yassou
How are you?= Ti kanis?
well?good=poli kala
Thankyou =Efharisto
Yes =Nai
No =Ohi

Dhivehi Lang from maldives

Basics

Hello.: Assalaamu alaikum. (from Arabic)
Hello. (informal): . (you usually just say how are you?)
How are you?: Haalu kihineh?
How are you? (informal): Kihineh? ( ?)
Fine, thank you.: Ran'galhu, shukuriyaa. ( )
What is your name?: Kon nameh tha kiyanee? ( ?)
My name is ______ .: Aharenge namakee ______. ( _____ .)
Nice to meet you.: Baddhalu vee thi varah ufavejje. ( )
Please.: Adhes kohfa. (i beg you- not commonly used)
Thank you.: Shukuriyaa. (from Hindi)
You're welcome.: Maruhabaa. ( )
Yes.: Aan. ( )
No.: Noon. ( )
Excuse me. (getting attention): . ( )
Excuse me. (begging pardon): Ma-aaf kurey. ( )
I'm sorry.: Ma-aafu kurey. ( )
Goodbye: (vakivelan)
Goodbye (informal): Dhanee. ( )
I can't speak name of language [well].: [ ]ahannakha "____" eh negey maa rangalhakah. ( [ ])
Do you speak English?: Ingireysin vaahaka dhakkan ingeytha? ( ?)
Is there someone here who speaks English?: Mithaa ingireysin vahaka dhakan ingey mehaku eba huri tha? ( ?)
Help!: Salaamai kurey! ( !)
Look out!: Balaa balashey! ( !)
Good morning.: Baajjaveri hendhuneh. ( )
Good evening.: Baajjaveri haveereh. ( )
Good night.: Baajjaveri reygande. ( )
Good night (to sleep): Ufaaveri nidhumeh. (not often said)
I don't understand.: Ahannakah neyngunu. ( )
Where is the toilet?: Faahanaa kobaitha? ( ?)

Questions[edit]

where?: kobaa? or konthaaku?
why?: keevve?
who?: kaaku?
what?: koacheh?
there: ethaa
here: mithaa
this: mi
that: e
this one: meethi
that one: eythi

Problems[edit]

Leave me alone.: aharenaa nubehey . (...)
Don't touch me!: aharen gaiga aii nulaa (...)
I'll call the police.: aharen fuluhun nah gulhaanan. (...)
Police!: fulus! (...)
Stop! Thief!: huttaa! vageh! (...)
I need your help.: ahannah ehee beynun. (...)
It's an emergency.: mee kulli haalatheh. (...)
I'm lost.: aharen miulhenee gelligen. (...)
I lost my bag.: aharen ge dhabas gellijje. (...)
I lost my wallet.: aharenge laari-dhabas gellijje. (...)
I'm sick.: aharen miulhenee balive. (...)
I've been injured.: aharennah haanikka vejje . (...)
I need a doctor.: aharen doctareh beynunvey. (...)
Can I use your phone?: ahannah thi phoanu beynun kollevi dhaane tha? (...)

Numbers[edit]

1: one (Ekeh)
2: two (Dehyh)
3: three (Thineh)
4: four (Hathareh)
5: five (Faheh)
6: six (Hayeh)
7: seven (Hatheh)
8: eight (Asheh)
9: nine (Nuvaeh)
10: ten (Dhihaeh)
11: eleven (Egaara)
12: twelve (Baara)
13: thirteen (Theyra)
14: fourteen (Saadha)
15: fifteen (Fanara)
16: sixteen (Soalha)
17: seventeen (Sathaara)
18: eighteen (Ashaara)
19: nineteen (Navaara)
20: twenty (Vihi)
21: twenty one (Ekaavees)
22: twenty two (Baavees)
23: twenty three (Theyvees)
24: twenty four ("Savvees")
25: twenty five ("Fansavees")
26: twenty six ("Sabbees")
27: twenty seven ("Hathaavees")
28: twenty eight ("Ashaavees")
30: thirty (Thirees)
31: thirty one ("Thirees ekeh")
32: thirty two ("Thirees dheyh")
35: thirty five (Thirees faheh")
40: forty (Saalhees)
45: fourty five ("Saalhees faheh")
50: fifty (Fansaas)
60: sixty (Fasdholhas)
70: seventy (Haiydhiha)
80: eighty (Addiha)
90: ninety (Nuvadhiha)
100: one hundred (Satheyka)
200: two hundred (Dhuisaththa)
300: three hundred (Thin Satheyka)
400: four hundred ("Hatharu Satheyka")
500: five hundred ("Fas Satheyka")
600: six hundred ("Ha Satheyka")
700: seven hundred ("Haii Satheyka")
800: eight hundred ("Ah' Satheyka")
900: nine hundred ("Nuva Satheyka")
1000: one thousand (Enhaas')
2000: two thousand (Dhehaas)
3000: three thousand ("Thinhaas")
5000: five thousand ("Fashaas")
1,000,000: one million (Ehmilian)
number _____ (boat, bus, etc.): numbaru _____ (dhoni, bus,...)
half: eh bai
less: madhu
more: gina

Time[edit]

What time is it?: Gadin kihaa ireh?

now: mihaaru
later: fahun
before: kurin
morning: hendhunu
afternoon: mendhuru
evening: haveeru (after around 3pm before sunset)
night: reygandu (after sunset)

Clock time[edit]

one o'clock AM: dhanvaru ekeh jahaifi
two o'clock AM: dhanvaru dheyh jahaifi
nine o'clock AM: hendhunu nuvaeh jahaifi (for times after sunrise, before noon)
noon: mendhuru
one o'clock PM: mendhuru ekeh jahaifi
two o'clock PM: mendhuru dehyh jahaifi
four o'clock PM: haveeru hathareh jahaifi (after three before sunset)
nine o'clock PM: reygandu nuvaeh jahaifi (after sunset before midnight)
midnight: mendhan

Duration[edit]

_____ minute(s): _____ minetu (...)
_____ hour(s): _____ gadi-iru
_____ day(s): _____ dhuvas
_____ week(s): _____ hafthaa
_____ month(s): _____ mas
_____ year(s): _____ aharu
_____ century(ies): _____ garunu

Days[edit]

today: miadhu
yesterday: iyye
tomorrow: maadhan
this week: mi hafthaa
last week: midhiya hafthaa
next week: anna hafthaa

Sunday: aadhittha
Monday: hoama
Tuesday: angaara
Wednesday: budha
Thursday: buraasfathi
Friday: hukuru
Saturday: honihiru

Months[edit]

January: January (...)
February: February (...)
March: March (...)
April: Eypril (...)
May: May (...)
June: June (...)
July: July (...)
August: August (...)
September: September (...)
October: October (...)
November: November (...)
December: December (...)

Writing time and date[edit]

Saturday 9: 30AM : Honihiru dhuvahi hendhunu nuva gadi bai
Friday, July 26: July sabbees vaa hukuru dhuvahu

Colors[edit]

black: (kalhu)
white: (hudhu)
gray: (alhi)
red: (raiy)
blue: (noo)
yellow: (reendhoo)
green: (fehi)
orange: (niyadhuru)
purple: (dhambu)
brown: (mushi)
pink: (fiyaathoshi)

Transportation[edit]

How much is a ticket to _____?: _____ ah ticket eh kihaavara kah? (...)
One ticket to _____, please.: _____ ah ticket eh, libidhaane tha. (...)
Where does this go?: mi dhany kon thaakah? (...)
Where is the boat to _____?: ______ ah dhaa boatu kobaa? (...)
Does this boat stop in _____?: _____ah mi boat huttaa tha? (...)
What time are we leaving?: Aharemen furanee kon irakun? (...)
How long does it take?: Kihaa ireh nagaanee? (...)

Directions[edit]

How do I get to _____ ?: kihene aharen _____ ah dhanee? (...)
...the airport?: ...airport ah or vaige bandharah? (...)
...downtown?: ...rashuthere ah? (...)
...the youth hostel?: ...zuvaanunge marukazah? (...)
...the _____ hotel?: ..._____ hotalah? (...)
...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate?: ...America ge/Canada ge/Australia ge/Ingireysi consulate ah? (...)
Where are there a lot of ______?: konthaaku emme gina _______ hunnanee? (...)
...hotels?: ...hotaa? (...)
...restaurants?: ...restaurantu? (...)
...bars?: ...bar? (...)
...sites to see?: ...balaane thanthan? (...)
Can you show me on the map?: mi chaatun aharenah dhakabala? (...)
street: magu
Turn left.: vaathah lanbaalaa
Turn right.: kanaathah lanbaalaa
left: va'ai
right: kana'ai
straight ahead: kuri ah huri seedhalah
towards the _____dhimaalah _____ (...)
past the _____: ethan dhookoh fa _____ (...)
before the _____: kurin _____ (...)
Watch for the _____.: balaa
intersection: junctionu (...)
north: Uthuru (...)
south: Dhekunu (...)
east: irumathi (...)
west: hulhangu (...)
uphill: machchah (...) (the concept doesn't really exist)
downhill: thiriyah (...) (the concept doesn't really exist)

Taxi[edit]

Taxi!: Taxi! (...)
Take me to _____, please.: aharen gengos faanan tha _____ ah. (...)
How much does it cost to get to _____?: ____ ah dhaan kihaavareh nagaa tha?
Take me there, please.: ethanah gengos dheefanan tha?

Lodging[edit]

Do you have any rooms available?: Evves kotarieh liben ebahuri tha? (...)
How much is a room for one person/two people?: ekakah/dhemeehunah, kotari huree kihaavarkah tha?
Does the room come with...: Kotariaai eku veytha... (...)
...bedsheets?: endhu fothigan'du? (...)
...a bathroom?

Lingusitics

Linguistics

Linguistics is defined as the scientific study of language. The study of language must begin with certain idea about language. Language is perhaps the most interesting entity that mankind has ever come across. We use language for communicating our thoughts and feelings with others and the language we use is transmitted from generation to generation without much deliberate effort on our part. Those who have not studied language systematically do use language with much ease and they are never bothered about the complexities of the ways in which the constituent elements of language combine and organize to make meaningful utterances. This fact does not make us come to the conclusion that the systematic and scientific study of language is meaningless. The study of language is significant as it ultimately takes us to the beginnings of our culture and social life. Language has become an essential part of our lives. The study of language in a scientific and systematic way is therefore, significant both in terms of academic and cultural point of view. Language occupies an important place in the lives of human beings. Language is the very medium of expression. The everyday activities of life are sure to come to an end unless language functions as a means of communication. Language is inextricably tied up with the social and cultural evolution of mankind. Language is as familiar to us as the air we breathe or the saliva that we carry in our mouth. So we are hardly conscious of its significance. However, the effects of language are most remarkable. It is in fact language that distinguishes human beings from the animals. C. L. Barber rightly remarked: “Language is the most remarkable tool that man has invented and is one that makes all other possible”

DEFINITIONS OF LANGUAGE
Language is a means of communication. It is a means of conveying our thoughts, ideas, feelings, and emotions to other people. However, language is not the only means of communication. Signs, gestures and facial expression can also communicate our thoughts and ideas. Language is different from signs and gestures, because it employs speech sounds. These speech sounds have meaning. To define language is not an easy task. Different linguists tried to define language variously. However, if we analyse the definitions closely, we will find that each of these definitions is incomplete in some respect or the other. These definitions will raise a large number of questions.

language and its significance
Define Language

dileepghoshblogspot.com

Wednesday 27 March 2019